Economic Development in Indonesia

Introduction In the 1960s, the economy of Indonesia deteriorated due to political instability. This led to increased poverty and hunger. In the mid 1960’s the economy was in bad shape with 1000% inflation, minimal investment, low export revenues, poor infrastructure and companies were operating at a very low capacity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Economic Development in Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the president Sukarno failed the new order administration worked hard and brought the Indonesia’s economy back on track in the mid 1960’s. The recent government brought an extent of discipline in economy which reduced inflation, suspended foreign debt, helped to stabilize the currency, engrossed foreign aid and investment (Fane, 2003). The raised oil prices made the economy of Indonesia to grow with a 7% from 1968 to 1981. GDP per capital grew at 545% from 1970 to 198 0 as result of increased oil export revenues. The economy growth since then has been accelerating. Despite this growth there are problems that keep dragging economic growth behind. These includes the wide spread corruption, low foreign investments, exploitation and destruction of natural resources, health issues among others (Natasha, 2001). This paper will focus on inflation, environmental issues and health issues as the biggest problems in Indonesia. Environmental issues The problem is due to large scale deforestation and wildfire; there is also over exploitation of marine resources, high population has contributed greatly to the environmental problems. Environment preservation is important as it contributes to economic development. Good environment that is free from deforestation and pollution is good for agricultural production. Agriculture contributes to economic growth of a country. The increase in population in the country has resulted to a strain in the resources of the coun try to appoint that they have made the country fall in the trap of resources misuse. Deforestation and wildfires has contributed to desertification leading to hungry population (Miller, 1997). A lot of money is being used to restore back the good environment and this has been leading slow economic development as a lot of money is being used in environment conservations and preservation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1983, an area that was estimated to be equivalent of 30,000km2 or an amount of $10 billion was burnt in Kalimantan Timur Province as a result of wild fire; this affected the economy growth as it led to environmental disaster, other than China and United state, Indonesia comes in third as the major emitter of green house gasses; this can be attributed to the way they clear their bushes; by burning. Air pollution in Indonesia is high and it is leading to public health issues. Inflammation of respiratory system is linked to air pollution and it greatly leading to death in Indonesia. Water quality in Indonesia is deteriorating as there are no good sewerage systems in urban area (Miller, 1997). Health issues Indonesia has a high population and many people are living with HIV/AIDS. This has great impact on healthcare systems in the country and it is leading to economic crisis and problems with resource allocation. HIV/AIDS has been affecting the productive age group between 15-45 years leading to early deaths and high population of orphans. This has led to increased poverty and food insecurity. The drugs that are being used to reduce multiplication of the virus are also too expensive and this is affecting the country’s economic development. Tuberculosis is the second most communicable disease that is causing death in Indonesia. It is approximated that 175,000 people die due to tuberculosis each an every year. Malaria is anoth er disease that has remained a problem and causing many deaths every year. All this diseases are indeed a problem in economic development as a lot of resources are being allocated in their prevention and treatment (Fane, 2003). Inflation As a result of political exertions inflation has persistently been an economic predicament in Indonesia. The country has gone through very high levels of inflation estimated at 1000% inflation between1964 and1967. As a result the country suffered from harsh poverty and hunger. Even though the economy improved swiftly under the new order government, inflation has constantly been greater than 10% per annum (World Bank, 2008). Though the economy grew as a result of high revenue from oil exports, inflation has persisted leading to wider economic gap among Indonesians.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Economic Development in Indonesia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inflatio n has been higher than economic growth and this has lead to high level of poverty. The government has been attempting to lessen inflation during economic recuperation and development. In the year 2010, inflation was at 7% higher than economic growth which was 6%. This is greatly affecting Indonesians especially middle class who cannot afford to buy food when prices increase. This is indeed a problem in Indonesia as it is leading to increased poverty (Natasha, 2001). Policies In environmental issues the government introduced plantation of trees to cover for deforestation. The plantation trees included coffee, palm and rubber. This was in attempt to replace the original forest cover although it was not that successful. In the mid1980s the government joined World Bank to develop forestry management plans. This led to first forest inventory, development of national parks and conservation programs, seminal forestry plans and development of master plan by food and agriculture organization of United Nations (Miller, 1997). Use of fire to clear land for agriculture has been prohibited as it has been leading to emission of greenhouse gases. Efforts are being put to reduce deforestation and forest degradation although this has not been successful because of increased population and industrialization. Human activities are increased due to high population that is demanding large lands for agriculture. This puts environment at risk leading to desertification and low rainfall thus agricultural produce is reduced leading to a hungry population (Deutser, 2002). In health issues, polices have been put in place to prevent diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and malaria as they are leading to high morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. When the economy grew from 1968 to 1998 the government invested in prevention and curative measure in health and this lead to reduction in mortality rate from142 per1000 in 1968 to 50 per 1000 in 1998.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The economic crises have lead to slow development in health systems. The administration has taken extraordinary steps in defending the health of its populace by transforming its seventy five year plan, but the progress in resolving health problems has been dawdling (World Bank, 2008). In communicable diseases the government has introduced programs like population education on these diseases with the aim of prevention. All age groups are being educated on communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, and malaria among others. The population is being educated on their causes, prevention and they are being advised to seek medical attention on time in order to reduce mortality rate. Although Indonesia has prioritized health promotion and prevention of these diseases, the policies are being implemented very slowly and thus they are ineffective (Natasha, 2001). To correct the inflation the new order administration put a lot of effort and this led to increased revenue from oil exports. This led to reduced inflation as economy grew rapidly. The export oriented industrialization also assisted in dropping inflation. Though the economic development in Indonesia has been improving, inflation has not been eliminated completely because there was great impact on its economy during its political instability (Deutser, 2002). Recommendation To avoid environmental issues that are hindering economic growth, the government should invest in educating the population on importance of conserving environment. Environmental studies should be introduced to schools at an early stage to ensure the population learn the importance of environment to the country’s economy. Heavy penalties and regulations should be put in practise for people charged with deforestation and polluting environment. Rules and regulations should be set on waste disposal for manufacturing companies to avoid environment pollution especially water pollution which leads to po isoning of fish. To avoid health issues the government should hire more medical personnel to educate the population on prevention of communicable diseases. This will ensure all the population is well educated on prevention and this lowers the costs incurred in buying drugs for curing diseases which could have been avoided through prevention. To avoid increased rates of inflation the government and politicians should avoid political instability recurring as it leads to high rate of inflation which has been hard to recover from. The government should encourage private and foreign investors in order to gain more revenue in effort to recover from inflation. Also export oriented manufacturing should be practised to earn extra revenue for the country. Conclusion The biggest problems in Indonesia have been environmental issues which has lead to degradation of environment. This has been mainly due to deforestation and wildfire. This has been leading to poor agricultural production and emiss ion of greenhouse gases. The government has put in place rules of reforestation which have not been applied because of high population. The population should be educated on importance of conserving the environment (Miller, 1997). Health issues have been another problem in Indonesia as they have lead to high mortality and morbidity rates. The government has invested in preventive and curative measures though they have been implemented slowly due to few medical personnel compared to the high population. The government should employ more medical staff to educate population on prevention of communicable diseases. Inflation is still a problem in Indonesia despite the continuous economic growth. The government should avoid recurrence of political instability which led to high inflation. References Deutser, P. (2002). Survey of Recent Development. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1(1).1. Fane, G. (2003). Change and Continuity in Indonesia’s New Fiscal Decentralization Arrang ements. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1(1).1. Miller, J. (1997). Deforestation in Indonesia and the Orangutan Population. TED Case Studies, 1(1),1. Natasha, H. (2001). Anti-Corruption Strategies in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 1(1),1. World Bank. (2008). Indonesia: Economic and Social update. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org This research paper on Economic Development in Indonesia was written and submitted by user Nancy Lindsay to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Walt Disney Revenue Breakdown Essays

Walt Disney Revenue Breakdown Essays Walt Disney Revenue Breakdown Paper Walt Disney Revenue Breakdown Paper Walt Disney has operations ranging from theme parks and retail stores to movies and broadcasting. The company also maintains internet sites related to entertainment, sports, news, and many others. (Standard and Poor) The Networking unit owns and operates 10 television stations, ABC broadcast, ABC radio network and 71 owned and operated radio stations. The cable portion of the broadcast unit includes the Disney channel, ABC family, and ESPN. Broadcast makes up 41% of revenues for this company. (Standard and Poor) Theme parks and resorts are comprised of Disneyworld and Disneyland which include six specialized theme parks and 16 hotels. Disney also owns its own cruise line and private island in the Florida Keys. Going international, Tokyo Disney, Disneyland Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland are all apart of Euro Disney, just a small portion of the Walt Disney Company. Theme parks and resort make up about 28% of revenues for this company. (Standard and Poor) The Studio entertainment includes the production and distribution of all motion pictures, home movies (VHS/DVD), and television shows made by Disney and Touchstone pictures. This portion of the company makes up about 24% of total revenues. (Standard and Poor) The products portion of Disney consists of the merchandise purchased throughout local and international markets. This includes the chain of Disney retail stores and Childrens Place. 7% of total revenue comes from apparel merchandising and consumer products. Walt Disney Revenue Breakdown (Figure 4) Weaknesses Some of Disneys weaknesses are based on the seasonal fluctuations. All of Disneys theme parks are open year round but there are extreme fluctuations in park attendance and resort occupancy due to the nature patterns of vacation and weather. The peak times to hit these parks are school holidays, summer, and early winter and spring. Oil and transportation prices are also key factors in their park attendance. (Data Monitor, 6) Future Plans Disneys plan for the future involves developing its television presence in more international segments such as Scandinavia, Portugal, and Japan. In addition, Disney also hopes to extend theme parks with new innovative rides and shopping centers to capitalize on current customers. (Datamonitor) Financial Information Disneys revenues for the year increased 4% from 2004 to just over $31.9 billion. From 2003 to 2004 there was a dramatic increase in revenues at 14%. Net income from sales in 2005 was at $2. 5 billion which was an increase of 8% from 2003s figure of $2. 3 billion. From 2003 to 2004 net income increased a dramatic 85% as well. (Annual Report) Stock Analysis For the 20-year period from 1985 to 2005, an investment in Disney yielded a compound annual return that was more than 300 basis points above SP 500. At the end of 2005 the board of Directors at Disney declared dividends at $0. 27 per share. (www. yahoo.com) This years payment represents a 12. 5% increase over the previous year. (Annual Report) The current price per share is $27. 09 a . 25 decrease from yesterdays close. The current amount of shareholders trading in Walt Disney Company is 11. 7 million people. (www. morningstar. com) (Figure 5) From an analysts opinion, currently most consider Walt Disney Company to be a strong buy, they encouraged the shareholder to buy, or at least encourage them to hold the stock. Only three months ago, however, some suggested this stock was an underperformer in the market. No analyst proposed to sell the stock. ANALYSIS After doing extensive research on both companies, I feel both of these stocks could be beneficial to your portfolio. However, looking at the chart below and analyzing the previous data, it seems that even though Walt Disney Corporation seems to bring in higher revenues and income, what seems to be the problem is that they keep redistributing for further projects in the broadcast and entertainment industry. Dividend payouts are not quite as high as Cedar Fair and it seems the fluctuation in the market is far too inconsistent. Though Cedar Fair has had its ups and downs as far as weather and things of that nature, it seems by looking at the financial data from the annual report, noticing its increasing revenues, and innovative park renovations as well as the high dividend payouts and consistent price per share, this stock would be the better option for your company portfolio. Comparison of Walt Disney and Cedar Fair Stock (Figure 6) I would like to make my formal recommendation to Quam Securities regarding all of this research analysis. For a quick profit, Walnut Street Securities, Inc.suggests your company invest in the publicly traded stock Cedar Fair, L. P. (FUN). I believe this will put Quam securities in the best position for a significant profit over the next few years. Cedar Fair has proven in the past that it is a trust worthy company and many analysts prefer to buy this specific investment. We appreciate your business with Walnut Street Securities, Inc. and hope you will seriously consider the information enclosed in this report. Our goal is to gain and build your trust as well as build you a fortune that you can be confident with.

Cocoanut Grove Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cocoanut Grove Fire - Research Paper Example According to Cochran (2003), the five deadliest fires that happened in nightclubs in the US are: Historically, the most grave fire accident that killed 492 people happened in Cocoanut Grove nightclub. Based from the event that happened last November 28, 1942, revisions in the NFPA codes were updated. The events on that day are recorded and can be accessed through archived newspapers and journals, and through the internet for anyone who wants to know about the incident. Cocoanut Grove was a nightclub and restaurant standing gallantly along the Piedmont Street of Boston. The place become colorful, lively and crowded with many party goers during the nights. During the 1940’s, the Grove was considered as the place to be. The place is only open during night time where food and liquor are served accompanied by various forms of entertainment. They are permitted by the Boston Licensing Board to sell food and alcoholic beverages (Reilly, 1943). Cocoanut Grove was erected around 1916 composed of first class single story building made up of reinforced concrete covering about 10,250 square feet. According to Boston Fire Historical Society (n.d), the first floor of the building contained the restaurant with a large dining room, a ballroom with a bandstand, and several bars. The roof overhead the dining area is retractable with automatic rolling device overhead which can be opened during warm season and summertime for direct and clear view of the sky at night. The center of the room was the dance floor. The Melody Lounge which was located at the basement was designed with an octagonal shape. The main entrance to the building was through a revolving door. The building allowed the public to have access only on the first floor. But there were other floors on the building that were intended for the business. The second floor was used to contain motors and a third floor was used for the

Report on Accessible tourism and accessible market regarding visitor Essay

Report on Accessible tourism and accessible market regarding visitor attections - Essay Example me, evaluation of positive and negative aspects of building an Accessible Statement, identifying areas that worked well and recommendations for the next step In order to address aims and objectives of the report, the group utilised a web-based data search and observation. Due to the inadequate resources and time, data was sourced was web-based and comprised; academic literature related to visitor attractions and accessible tourism This definition ignores the quickly changing nature of consumer demand and restricts the attractions included, does not include temporary attractions such as festivals or events (Swarbrooke, 2002). A more comprehensive and broader definition is given by Walsh-Heron and Stevens (1990), where temporary attractions could be classified as visitor attractions. Swarbrooke (2003) suggest that â€Å"visitor attractions at their most basic level they work to attract visitors to an area†. However, visitor attractions have many other pull factors, roles, functions and operate in a much broader sense Fyall et al., (2003): From this, it can be seen that the visitor experience has many different influences unique to an individual, attraction and destination (Buhalis & Michopoulou, 2011). Therefore it can be a difficult task for tourism organisations to get this right, however a full understanding of the above will assist them (Gunn, 2002). A tourism market that is accessible does not differ in that they want to sample what is special to the destination but need a â€Å"street-smart† technique to the ease of access of the destination to accomplish this result (Buhalis & Michopoulou, 2011: 149). An accessible destination must provide: However, all the terms used to describe accessible tourism have similar characteristics, and tend to have the same message that promotes tourism â€Å"†¦ accessible to all people† (Buhalis and Darcy, 2011, p. 10). Accessibility has a large impact on society, due to the Equality Act 2010 and the number of people with

You Choose Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

You Choose Topic - Essay Example pending on the situation of the company, some issues may carry a sense of urgency while others could be put on the back burner but it must be kept in mind that all ethical issues will need to be tackled sooner or later. An ethical issue which comes up as soon as a company decides to hire or to recruit an individual is the personality of that individual. Since management begins with recruitment and hiring, the two central ethical issues for a company undergoing the recruitment process can be understood as the need to follow anti-discrimination rules and to observe equal opportunity laws (Lockwood, 2005). Simply put, all candidates must be viewed and hired based on their strengths and weaknesses as applicants without any undue weight to their race, age, physical abilities or gender except in situations where such requirements become a part of the job (Alleyne, 2005). As reported by Clarke (2005), even though a lot remains to be done in this particular field there are laws to protect companies as well as individuals from discrimination based on these particular issues. Personality testing on the other hand, is one issue which is not clearly defined by the law and is very easy to circumnavigate during the interview process. In terms of psychology, it is understood that certain personality types are better at certain jobs than others and even though personality itself is complex to define, the generally accepted notion of personality has been the collection of behavioral properties as well as the thoughts and ideas of a person. The earlier work in this field was done by Jung which was later expanded by others. While we may say that person X has a cheerful personality, scientists prefer to classify personality in three models including Factorial models, typologies and circumplexes which are connected with how they perform at work (Clarke & Robertson, 2005). This process can be used to profile candidates but modern discussions of ethics in HR also question if such a

Soft Computing Based Model for Trip Production

Soft Computing Based Model for Trip Production Synopsis  On  A Soft Computing based model for Trip Production and Attraction 1. Area of the Proposed Research work Computer Science Applications 2. Research Topic A Soft Computing based model for Trip Production and Attraction 3. Aim and Objectives of research work The aim and objectives of this research is to develop a soft computing based model for trip production, trip attraction mode-wise traffic pattern in Delhi Urban area keeping in view the development polices of the Delhi Master Plan 2021. The proposed model will greatly help in analytical study of the resulting traffic pattern and its forecasting for future city plans. For modeling and analysis of urban transportation system, Delhi has been selected as the study zone. Data on urban activities and traffic flow was collected from the concerned agencies. Delhi, being the Capital of India, is the main center of socio-economic, political as well as cultural activities of the country. Delhi acts as a major center of trade and commerce. The major share of travel needs of Delhi commuters is road based transport system. 4. Literature Review This section focuses on the review of Literature for the study. It is comprises of the topics, related to general facts about the urban transport system. The early trip generation models, based on aggregate data, predicted total trips between city pairs. The modeling methods generally include regression models, cross-classification analysis, or a combination of both. These methods still have applications due to their mathematical feasibility, data availability, and ease of interpretation (USDOT, 1999). Kiron Chatterjee and Andrew Gordon (2006), focuses on the alternative for the Great Britain future scenarios in the year 2030 and the implications they have for transport provision and travel demand. Kiron Chatterjee and Andrew Gordon (2006) develop a National transport model to predict the national road traffics. In order to take income as a constraint for estimating trip generation there is no mathematical model under this aspect. Also, in the developing countries like India wide income disparity is there which can also plays a leading role in trip generation process. Gravity models are signifying the idea of establishing trip distributions process. In Gravity model, the entries of the Origin-Destination matrix are understood to be a feature of the trip counts and other parameters. The main problem of the gravity model is in the measurement of travel cost. This model has been corroborated numerous times as a basic underlying aggregate association (Levinson and Kumar 1995). For the analysis zones separated by a sizeable distances, the gravity model can work properly. But, the denominator approaches to infinity as the distance between locations decreases. In year 1947, Dantzig created the Linear Programming problem as well as offered the simplex method as its solution of Linear Programming. The simplex method was come in existence in year 1951. A simplex method is an iterative process which works along the boundaries of the problems in feasible region to find a solution of the problem. Also, the simplex method still remains the widely known solution finding technique for solving Linear Programming problems. But, the available option on the bases of Linear Programming was not successful in practice. Estimation of trip distribution is a challenging task for future period. In order to compare the performance of intervening opportunity model, gravity model, intervening opportunity model Wilmot et.al (2006) was conducted a study. With the help of this comparison of observed trips and predicted trips, the study recommended that the traditional urban transportation planning trip distribution models are able to model trip distribution at the cumulative level, and that all models traditional models have achieved similar performance and they similar bottlenecks as well. Anthony Chen et.al (2012) presented a basic planning tool particularly targeted at small (Metropolitan Planning Organization) MPOs was proposed to model the system traffic for the planning applications. This tool made use of PFE (Path Flow Estimator) for both the base year estimation as well as the future year predictions with some accessible field and planning data that can be available in public domains. For this tool no formal validation is done Richter.et.al (2012) presented a model based on the logit model. The model is complex. The logit modal choice association states that the probability of selecting a mode for a trip is depend on the relative values of numerous factors such level-of-service, and travel time etc. The complex part of employing the logit modal choice model is to estimating the parameters that can be assigned for the variables presents in the utility function, so the accuracy of this logit model is not ensured. Daniel et.al 2013, developed a inter-urban trip generation model for AkwaIbom, Nigeria, which is based on the multiple regression analysis model for forecasting future patterns. However, in a trip generation model, based on regression approach is used due to the somewhat cumbersome formulation of a choice model for frequency choice. The composite variable that would represent the service characteristics of destinations is excluded. Here, the trip generation is not based on utility maximization and the interrelationship between the trip frequencies. 5. Methodology of the research work Following figure 5.1 shows the flow of work and the model development for trip generation (trip production and trip attraction) model presented in section 5.1, the model development for trip distribution model discussed in section 5.2 and model development for Mode-choice model discussed in section 5.3. Figure 5.1: Flow of work. 5.1 Model Development for Trip Generation (Trip Production and Trip Attraction) Trip generation Process widely used for forecasting travel demands. Therefore trip generation Process is divided into two parts: Trip attraction Trip Production 5.1.1. Model for Trip Production Trip Production process focuses on the total number of trips produced from the city. For empirical implementation of the Trip production model, Artificial Neural Network System (ANN) is used on the available data. The model was trained using data of the year 2003 2004 and validated on data of the year 2005. Whole process of model implementation including training and validation is accomplished in the following steps. Socio-economic data of all the zones are collected. ANN in MATLAB is used to train the model on the dataset for the year 2003 and 2004. The mode model result is validated using data set for the year 2005. Finally, trip production model is used for forecasting of the Number of passenger’s trips production for the year 2021. 5.1.2. Model for Trip attraction Trip attraction process focuses on the total number of trips attracted by the city. For empirical implementation of the trip attraction model, Artificial Neural Network System (ANN) is used on the available data. The model was trained using data of the year 2003 2004 and validated with data for the year 2005. Whole process of model implementation including training and validation is accomplished in the following steps. Socio-economic data of all the zones are collected. ANN in MATLAB is used to train the model on the dataset for the year 2003 and 2004 and then The mode model result is validated using data set for the year 2005. Finally, trip attraction model is used for forecasting of the Number of passenger’s trips attraction for the year 2021. While validation, it was observed that the result produced by the model is very close to the actual data. The average error estimated during the validation phase is low and minimum error is only 0.8%. 5.2 Model development for Trip distribution Trip distribution Process traveler origins and destinations to developed a â€Å"trip table† that displays the number of trips going from every origin zone to every destination zone. For empirical implementation of the trip distribution model, Genetic Algorithm is used on the available data Whole process of model implementation including training and comparison is accomplished in the following steps. Socio-economic data of all the zones are collected. Genetic Algorithm model in MATLAB is used to implement this model on the data set to compute trip distribution for all the zones in DUA. Finally, Comparisons with of results of Linear Programming model done Finally, comparison of Genetic Algorithm based trip distribution model with traditional linear programming is made. The result achieved from traditional Linear Programming Based Model is not up to the mark as the number of input variables increases linear programming based model gives infeasible solution. 5.3 Model development for Mode-choice model Mode choice Process Trip distributions zonal interchange analysis yields a set of origin destination tables followed by; mode choice analysis allows the modeler to determine which mode of transport will be used. For empirical implementation of the mode-choice model, Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used with surveyed data. The model was trained using survey data for the month February 2013 and March 2013 and validated with on the survey data for the month April 2013. Whole process of model implementation including training and validation is accomplished in the following steps. Data collection from survey at different transit stations for different time periods. ANFIS toolbox in MATLAB is used to train the model for one data set of the month February 2013 and then The model parameters are modified using the second data set of the month March 2013 and Finally the mode model result is validated using data set of the month April 2013. The model is implemented using Adaptive Neural fuzzy Inference System for peak period of work trips in Delhi urban area. The machine learning result is found quite satisfactory with validation error being as low as 0.68%. 6. Data Collection Data on house hold population and socio-economic activities such as commercial centers, Government offices, educational institutions, and health care system were collected from Delhi Transport Corporation, Delhi Development Authority, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, C.R.R.I. (Central Road Research Institute) and also for data collection survey were conducted at transit stations where passengers have option for mode choice. 7. Implementation Result For empirical implementation of the trip production and attraction model Artificial Neural Network System (ANN) is used. While validation it was observed that the result produced by these models is very close to the actual data. The average error estimated during the validation trip production and attraction model phase is low and minimum error is only 0.8%. For empirical implementation of the trip distribution model Genetic Algorithm is used. Trip Distribution model is applied on the real set of data which gives acceptable solution which is easily applicable and compared with other models such as Linear Programming model as well. The result achieved from traditional Linear Programming Based Model is not up to the mark as the number of input variables increases linear programming based model gives infeasible solution. For empirical implementation of the proposed model Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used. While validation it was observed that the result produced by the model is very close to the survey data. The average error estimated during the validation phase is low and minimum error is only 0.68%. 8. Impact of Research The transportation system being multidisciplinary system requires integration and co-ordination of various agencies. This includes STA (State Transport Authority), PWD (Public Works Department), DTC (Delhi Transport Corporation), DDA (Delhi Development Authority) and DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation) as well. The following table shows the impact of research in academics and industry. 9. Chapter wise contents Chapter 1 This chapter introduces the research subject giving its background and developments in the last decades. The objective of the present research is stated in this chapter. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on different aspects of this study and presents the contribution by different researchers and deficiencies therein. Chapter 3 presents the methodology of the research in chronological order while describing the model hypothesis and formulation in detail. This chapter also includes the description of soft computing tools used in this research. Chapter 4 describes the formulation and empirical implementation of trip production and attraction analysis for Delhi Urban Area and computational results of this work are highlighted. Chapter 5 describes the formulation and empirical implementation of trip distribution analysis for Delhi Urban Area and computational results of this work are highlighted. Chapter 6 describes the formulation and empirical implementation of mode-choice behavior modelling for Delhi Urban Area .The computational results of this work are highlighted in this chapter. Chapter 7 highlights the comments and conclusion of the research work. This also highlights the utility of this research in industry and its future scope. 10. Bibliography [1]Rodrigue, J., Comtois, C. and Slack, B., (2006), â€Å"The Geography of Transport Systems†, Dept. of Economics Geography, Hofstra University [2]Delhi Transport. Delhi Govt. Retrieved 2014. [3]Anthony Chen et.al, â€Å"Forecasting Network Traffic for Small Communities in Utah†, Report No. UTC-1002, February 2012 [4]Dantzing, GB, 1951, Application of the simplex method to a transportation problem, Activity Analysis of production and allocation, TC. Doopmands(ed.), N.Y. Wiley [5]Peter Guller in SYNERGO, Planning Project Management Zurich, Switzerland. â€Å"Integration of Transport and Land- use planning in Japan: Relevant finding from Europe†, [6]Published in Workshop on Implementing sustainable Urban Travel Policies in Japan and other Asia-Pacific Countries, Tokyo, 2-3, March 2005. [7]Kiron Chatterjee Andrew Gordon 2006 , Transport in Great Britain in 2030, ELSEVIER Transport Policy Journal. [8]Levinson, David and Kumar, Ajay(1995) Activity, Travel, and the Allocation of Time, Journal of the American Planning Association [9]FHWA. Injuries to Pedestrians and Bicyclists: An Analysis Based on Hospital Emergency Department Data. Report No. FHWA-RD-99-078. Washington, DC: USDOT, 1999. [10]Wilmot et.al 2006, Modeling Hurricane Evacuation Traffic: Testing the Gravity and Intervening Opportunity Models as Models of Destination choice in Hurricane Evacuation, LTRC Project No. 03-1SS, State Project No. 736-99-1116, Louisiana Transportation Research Center. [11]Richter.et.al., Modelling Mode Choice in Passenger Transport with Integrated Hierarchical Information Integration Journal of Choice Modelling, 5(1), 2012, page no. 1-21 [12]Ekong Daniel et.al, Inter-Urban Trip Generation Models for the Urban Centers in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria, Journal of Civil and Environmental Research, Vol.3, 2013. 11. List of Publications Paper Title: ‘An Improved Modeling of Mode-Choice Behavior in Urban Areas Using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System’, is present and published in the proceeding of IEEE International Conference on â€Å"Computing for Sustainable Global Development 05-07 March 2014, New Delhi, published in IEEE Xplore. Paper Title: ‘Artificial Neural Network based model for traffic production and attraction: A case study of all the zones of Delhi Urban area ’, is present and published in the proceeding of IEEE International Conference on â€Å"Computing for Sustainable Global Development 05-07 March 2014, New Delhi, published in IEEE Xplore. Paper Title: ‘Trip distribution Model for Delhi Urban Area Using Genetic Algorithm’, is published in International Journal of Computer Engineering Science March 2012; Vol.2 Issue 3, page no.1-8. Paper Title: ‘A soft computing based model for traffic attraction: A case study of a segment of Delhi urban Area’ is published in Vision and Quest, Research Journal of Science Technology and Management, Issue Jan 2010, page no.42-46. Paper Title: ‘Traffic Generation Model for Delhi Urban Area Using Artificial Neural Network’, is published in BVICAM International Journal of Information Technology, December 2010; Vol.2 No.2, page no.239-244 and having impact factor 0.605. 1/12 (Shivendra Goel) Research Scholar, Shobhit University, Meerut.

Oranges are Not the Only Fruit and the two letters in The Color Purple

Oranges are Not the Only Fruit and the two letters in The Color Purple The Chapter 'Joshua' in Oranges are Not the Only Fruit and the two letters in The Color Purple, where Sofia returns and later gets brutally punished for her confrontation, both explore fundamental issues that characterize a lot of the essence of both novels as a whole. At the heart of both of these two sections is the idea of fighting for the truth and facing the consequences. Although Oranges are not the Only Fruit is written in a retrospective light and The Color Purple in epistolary and consecutively in chronological order, there are similarities within the two styles, they use similar techniques in getting across certain issues. The novels use the people around Jeanette and Celie to convey oppression and hope. Janet's church people and mother have found out about her "unnatural passions" for Melanie. To them their opinion at its wrongs and sinfulness is not opinion but fact. Thus for Janet's "own benefit" they lock her up with no food or light, inflicting an exorcism on her. They believe she is demon possessed and want to rid her of the evil. In this period of confinement, Jeanette questions her sexuality and its wrongs. She states: "Can love really belong to the demon." She realizes that her feelings are not from external influences, but rather from herself. - "If they want to get at my demon they'll have to get me." She is controlled with the idea of the church, and at the same time the naturalness she feels with the feelings: "Demons are evil, aren't they?" She then goes on to say: "But in the Bible you keep getting driven out." - "Don't believe all you read." This in itself is addressing the idea of oppression from the chu... ...d this gives way to the proceedings in the novel as a whole. In The Color Purple, we are left with Celie caring for Sofia who has been so brutally to the ground. Sofia was imprisoned and left to face the circumstances for standing up for what is right. She is thus a heroine in her own right and is an example for Celie. Jeanette was imprisoned (exorcism) and came out of it knowing that she was going to put up a fight for her own truth and to face the circumstances. In Oranges are Not the Only Fruit as a whole, the "Joshua" section stands for truth and Jeanette decides to fight and this indicates the future progression of the novel. In The Color Purple, Celie sees truth being fought for and the result of this fight. These gives her determination and if can fight like that, she can at least fight against male patriarchal Oppression and her love for Slug.

Indentured Servitude Essay

The legacy of the slave trade revived in the aura of the Nineteenth Century. After the abolition of slavery forms of labor that inquired the exploitation of workers remained alive. The most prominent was indentured servitude, which became one of the driving forces for global interdependence. The necessity for cheap laborers and desire to strengthen the economy stimulated the exploitation and transportation of indentured servants from Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands and India, thus creating a self-sufficient and diverse environment in the world’s powerhouses. In response to the abolition of slavery, the importation of migrant laborers for agricultural work to the Americas was seen as a necessity. In Document 2, an editorial in the National Mercury on the visit of Sir George Grey, a British colonial governor, the author suggests that in order to gain profit from the sugar cultivation more laborers are needed to work. In this article, the servants as seen as an essential tool for their success, only valuing them for their own benefit. In addition, in Herman Merivale’s excerpt, Document 1, he explains that the indentured servants are not slaves, but are aised like recruits for the military service. Both documents enforce the constant necessity for workers in countries like South America, North America and Britain. Further notion of the significance that indentured servitude had on the Americas could be obtained by government statistics on the economy in the Americas before and after the years of indentured servitude. The spread of indentured servitude in the years 1834-1919 connected Africa with the Caribbean and with Asia, as well as Asia with the Americas, as shown in the map in Document 3. The number of slaves working in Mauritius are shown in Document 6, mphasizing on the difference in gender. The conditions and regulations of the indentured servants were ridged and strict. In the images shown in Document 5, the circumstances of Asian Indian indentured laborers in sugar plantations and harvesting sugar cane are explicitly shown as backbreaking. Various workers to fulfill the arduous work became the demand of Europeans, specifically Dutch. Document 7 also shows the limited rights and high demands for indentured servants in an agreement provided by a recruiter for British Guiana, which clearly explains the conditions and rights of an indentured servant. The excerpt â€Å"Everyday except Sunday†¦ Seven hours in field or ten hours in the factory buildings,† shows how strenuous the conditions were for a worker. The migration of servants marked global interconnectedness that reflected the power that countries held and the submission of workers for their own benefit. The mark that indentured servitude left on the countries exporting the servants could be explored more in depth with a diary or journal from a wife in Japan, China, or India showing her feelings and emotions toward the migration of her husband. Also, an account of the economy in that country would show the financial position of countries exporting servants would how the effect that indentured servitude had on the other countries and not only the Americas. Although it was a mutual benefit, the profit gained by the servants was enjoyed. The migration of servants from one continent to another signified the cultural diversity in the Americas and did not fail to emphasize the subordinate position held by the indentured servants. This wide spread of cultures was also perceived in demographics, depicted in a chart in Document 4. Document 4 displays the numbers of servants from Indian, China and Japan exported to tropical-like lands, such as Trinidad, Cuba, and Hawaii. The diaspora of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese to foreign lands resulted in ethnic and cultural diversity in later generations. In addition, as the chart in Document 9 shows the percentage of Asian, Japanese and Chinese migration to specific lands in the year from 1920-1921. Although one of the essential results of the migration of indentured servants in the early Twentieth-Century was the diversity, the poor class of servants suffered from the aspects of indentured servitude. In a letter from an indentured servant, Document 8, the servant complains about the harsh and strict hours and low wage. The letter serves as a contradiction or opposite position as the document proposed in Document 7, in which the rights guaranteed and hours provided were lowered and diminished the servant’s right. Although indentured servants enjoyed the title, â€Å"free workers,† reality proved that slaverys old ways were still set forth in the way indentured servitude was practiced. The rise in industry and desire improve the economy aroused the need for indentured servitude. This system not only forced the intermarriage of people creating diversity but also was a tremendous benefit for the developing capitalist ocieties in the Americas and Great Britain. The abolished system of slavery instigated the rise of indentured servitude. People migrated with signed contracts from one continent to the other. Although they were considered free, it was only a title since they were subjugated to strict working hours and low wages, conditions too similar to those of a slave. The transformation that slavery had into indentured servants created a modifications to labor systems that are still seen today. Indentured servitude is still practiced nowadays, with the unjust and inhumane regulations.

The top reasons HR is important to an organization

The top reasons HR is important to an organization These days, effective businesses take every aspect of their organization seriously and have dedicated professionals across their teams who work towards a common goal- supporting the business and positioning it for lasting success.One important team in the mix is human resources (HR), who often serve â€Å"behind the scenes† as the backbone of an organization. Their responsibilities are often essential for a business to operate effectively, and they’re at the front lines of some core business functions- from staffing and recruiting to ensuring that the needs of existing employees are capably met, and more.In fact, according to a recent article by The Balance, â€Å"A  good HR department  is critical to an employee-oriented, productive workplace in which employees are energized and engaged.† Let’s explore some of the key reasons why HR is so important to an organization.Office cultureIn many ways, HR helps set the tone of an office’s culture, incl uding everything from permissible ways of dressing to setting work hours and workplace processes. HR establishes all of those little things that help define a work environment and shape what an average day on the job is like, which helps cement an employee’s identification and thoughts on the organization at large, as well as how they’re perceived from the outside.Staff recruitmentWe all know how important having a top-tier staff is to an organization’s success, and the HR department is directly responsible for ensuring that the very best available candidates are pursued and recruited for all open positions. They also work to ensure that the reputation of the company they work for is such that it attracts top-level talent in the industry- not an easy feat in today’s ultra-competitive corporate landscape. According to The Balance, â€Å"HR is responsible for the overall recruiting of a superior workforce. Once again, HR cannot do it alone but must provide support to  hiring managers  who are also responsible for recruiting a  superior workforce. HR must provide  leadership, training, scheduling assistance, a  systematic hiring process,  recruitment planning processes, interview expertise, selection monitoring, and more.†hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Employee benefits and perksAll of those things that come alongside an employee’s salary when they’re offered a compensation package are likely thanks to the company’s HR team, all designed to attract the best and brightest crop of employees (and in many companies, HR staff even help to set salary ranges for open positions by providing competitive market analysis). Everything from insurance benefits to vacation time, team building activities, and transportation and education reimbursement- to name just a few- can fall under their purview, and the better they are at their jobs the better they’ll be able to research, identify, and negotiate great perks to attract talent.Employee issue resolutionIn general, most of us don’t exactly look forward to having difficult or challenging personal issues that require the guidance or intervention of others, but when we do have them and they affect our work, we’re usually grateful that we have the folks in the HR department to turn to. They not only lend their expertise and experience to help deal with whatever the issue is, they can also be real advocates and allies during a difficult situation.Although the roles and responsibilities of HR departments vary across companies and industries, hopefully by now it’s clear that they play a crucial role in most organization’s operational efficiency, as well as their immediate and long-term successes.

International Marketing by Apple †Marketing Essay

International Marketing by Apple – Marketing Essay Free Online Research Papers International Marketing by Apple Marketing Essay Advertise. Webster defines it to â€Å"make publicly and generally known: to call public attention to especially by emphasizing desirable qualities so as to arouse a desire to buy or patronize.† The advertisement business has reached extreme highs in the last decade thanks to the extended communication we now have through technology. It has now become so simple, even to the average individual to promote what ever is desired. If this task has become so effortless for a single person, then why would a huge corporation not be able to do this? Apple Computer, a competitor in today’s world of PC’s, has not succeeded in advertising their product as well as their opponents such as Gateway, Hewlett Packard and their oldest rival, IBM. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company. They have focused on marketing and product development. They even introduced the iMac in 1998, which turned out to be the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicated that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success and to keep up with the competition. In order for a product to be successful, especially on the scale of PC’s, people around the world must have it on their mind. People need to be exposed to the idea in many different ways. There are several methods to accomplishing this. The internet, television, movies, radio, billboards, ads and countless other ways are all roads into the advertisement world. Compaq, HP, Gateway and Dell have dominated these fields for years, and Apple has just now in the last couple of years been able to scrape the surface of these ideas. In the last year, cable has been able to televise the first successful set of Apple commercials which showed them to be better and more efficient than their competitors. Capitalizing on major opportunities, Apple stepped up and took over the movie world too. In any movie coming from Hollywood, the only PC logo that is now seen is Apple, whether it is on a laptop or desktop computer, software, iPod or even a sticker. By doing this they have successfully pr omoted high level of graphics and â€Å"easy use.† Apple strove for beauty this year and they achieved this through the iMac and iPod. The iMac is an affordable, hassle free, plug and surf, personal computer that competes with other firms in the market. Another part of the marketing technique Apple used for the iMac was through the individuality of people. They produced the computer in different colors. People were able to customize their personal computers for the first time in any way they wanted. They extended this idea to the iPod products. Once again, this method of reaching out to the people’s individuality caused a boom in sales across the world. Their updated software has been another step in the business world for Apple. MacOS and MacOSX has been a wonderful transition for people use to using the Windows operating system. It has proven to be much faster and easier to use. Tthe new MacOS is equipped with one feature that no other operating system has, and that is speech recognition. An addition to the great new technologies being introduced and supported is the continued excellence for the graphics in the industry. These Apple produced computers are the fastest personal computers on the market today, beating other computers such as the Gateway 550-MHz Pentium III PC. Finally, the new Macintosh operating systems are showing great support for the futurist programming language of Java. This is a wireless networking system that lets you travel up to 150 feet away from the base station. Apple’s ad campaign is based on the two words of â€Å"Think Different†, and I believe they are beginning to take their own advice. Apple has always supported graphical software and hardware but the continued vision of where the industry is going with software titles like Adobe PhotoShop and Apple’s new FinalCut Pro surpasses anything the rest of the other computer and software makers have to offer. With this, I believe Apple is likely to become a major player, again, in the industry of personal computing. I personally have only used an Apple computer, such as the iMac, for small assignments before, but enjoyed what I saw. The graphics that were produced were very clear and crisp. The iPod on the other hand, I have been able to use for several things. It is capable to hold thousands of songs, pictures and other data. It is very convenient. I do believe though that in order for Apple to continue to produce such products they will have to step it up even more to get their name out. I’m sure that the computers produced by this company are worth the price people pay for them, which can range from $800 to over $3000, but they may be more successful in advertisement if they offered a low-end computer that would be able to compete with Dell’s low-end computer of $299. In past years, Apple was on a downward spiral, but now the Mac is back on the right track. The interim CEO Steve Jobs has brought them from expected quarterly loses to now, first quarter net income of some 150 millions dollars. The question still remains, is Apple back to stay? With the Windows driven world of today, can Apple assert them self to claim market share? Apple’s stunning new hardware, user-friendly operating system, and drive for incredible new technology, will not only compare Apple to traditional PC and software maker but will stun the rest of the computer world along the way. Research Papers on International Marketing by Apple - Marketing EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementGenetic Engineering

McKenzie Corporation Capital Budgeting Coursework

McKenzie Corporation Capital Budgeting - Coursework Example In case there is no expansion, the value of bonds will remain unchanged since it replicates the status of the bond holders which, as well remains unchanged. Provided the expansion of the company occurs, the presence of net value created by expansion (0.2 million), will boost equity leading to decrease in the debt to equity ratio. Intuitively, the company will also be experiencing reduction of the rate of return associated with its bonds. Decrease in the debt to equity ratio and rate of return will trigger increase in value of bonds and their price (Graham et al, 2010). Further, from the calculations above one can also deduce what will happen to the company in case it does not expand; especially, the effects on future borrowing: Without expansion, the equity will remain the same as it is presently. In which case, the expiry of debt convenant next year implies that the company will not have greater equity needed to get financing (borrowing) to be used for expansion. With expansion, the company secures enough equity to finance its expansion, as shown in 0.2 million net value creation. This will trigger more equity next year, thanks to the expansion. Naturally, this places the company in a position where it is able to access more financing required for borrowing needs in the future. The use of cash, rather than equity, in financing the expansion would have made it more productive and efficient because it relieves the company of the costs which may have been spent in changing equity into cash. The use of cash also means that the company would then avoid the time consuming procedure (changing equity to cash) (Graham et al, 2010). Consequently, the expansion would even look better when using cash than when using

Evaluate Consumer behavior and Identify possible segmentation options Term Paper

Evaluate Consumer behavior and Identify possible segmentation options - Term Paper Example Each product line is then segmented further on the basis of customer comfort which includes â€Å"compression†, â€Å"fitted† and â€Å"relaxed† (Forbes.com). Each of these serves a unique benefit. For instance, the â€Å"fitted† line in particularly suited to athletics who need greater body flexibility, and hence, tighter clothing. At present, the accessories segment is classified into bags, hats as well as gloves for sports that incorporate â€Å"moisture-wicking† fabrics and temperature-control technologies (Hallett). These products claim the benefit of keeping the customer cool and dry in situations where moisture may cause body temperature to heat up resulting in excessive sweating. Therefore, by controlling temperature the products provide customers with the benefit of maintaining their highest and best performance for an extended period of time. This is because users are able to ‘use’ their muscles for longer periods of time (Under Armour). The long sleeves provide protection against cuts, wounds and abrasions that are common in sports requiring high friction. Additionally, to users (performers) who desire to look aesthetically pleasing, the compression technology provides the benefit of enhancing visibility of body muscles. Furthermore, the â€Å"PolyArmour† technology provide s the benefit of protecting the users’ body from UV rays of the sun (Northern Athletic). This acts as a sunscreen averting premature ageing. As far as possible demographic and psychographic segmentation is concerned, the company can use its anti-sweating technology to provide other products such as deodorants that block body odor resulting from stress and sweat. This product can be targeted to virtually anyone, primarily women and men aged 19 and above who are likely to experience hormonal changes that are conducive to more sweating. Furthermore, recognizing the fact that the inclusion of women in sports such as